Many companies try to justify the purchase of capital equipment based on a 2- to 3-year payback. That forces the purchase of less expensive or dedicated machines at the outset and ignores the impact of new parts and new work beyond that—in 5 to 6 years. It may cost more today to account for the possibilities in 5 to 6 years, but making a foresighted decision now can actually avoid future capital expense. Remember, today’s capable machines have a useful life far beyond 2 years.

There are a number of ways to evaluate the payback of new technology. Doing a return on investment (ROI) analysis can help you to make a good decision on whether to buy an expensive or less expensive machine.
ROI analysis indicates how the investment will impact a company’s cash flow, based upon the revenues and expenses associated with the project. ROI is given as a percentage rate of return.
The company performing the ROI analysis must determine the rate of return for the investment based on the project cost and the impact the investment would have on its cash flow. Once the rate of return is determined, the company must then determine if it is an acceptable rate of return. Typically a 20 percent or greater rate of return is considered acceptable.

However, this justification method does not consider important technical and strategic aspects for maintaining competitiveness. Quality, for instance, is one of today’s top priorities for equipment end-users. This factor is a good example of what is not fully recognized in an ROI analysis. Quality depends not only on the type of equipment being used, but also on the process, eliminating handling and resetting.
While the ROI analysis method has traditionally been used to analyze high-volume multi-year projects, it can also be used to analyze the wisdom of buying a machine for low-volume production of a large variety of parts over a number of years. There are many additional factors that you might want to consider, such as tax implications regarding new machinery.

It is possible to have a high ROI and a low profitability, and the opposite is also true. Look at a new machine purchase from both standpoints. Perform an ROI analysis, and also look at the long-term impact of the investment. Although profitability may initially be higher when looking at a lower-priced machine, due to long-term benefits—such as durability, flexibility, reduced cycle time and better part quality—the higher quality machine purchase can be the most favorable choice.
If you really want to make your company productive, you must learn that the initial cost of the machine tool is only one factor—and not the most important one. With a 20-percent increase in productivity—faster cycle times, shorter setup times—you can very nearly justify a machine costing nearly 1.5 times a lower-cost choice. If the productivity differential is greater than 20 percent, this could be two times or more.